Universal grinding apparatus



- W. A. SHANLEY UNIVERSAL GRINDING APPARATUS Oct. 18, 1960 Filed Jan. 27, 1958 4 Sheets-Shae}. 1

w a 3. WA my A T TOQNE Y Oct. 18, 1960 w. A. SHANLEY UNIVERSAL GRINDING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 27, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Wa/fer/l. Shari/6y A T TOIENE Y Oct. 18, 1960 w. A. SHANLEY UNIVERSAL GRINDING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 27, 1958 FIG. 7

IN VENTOR. Wa/fer A Sham/9y A T TOENE Y Oct. 18, 1960 Filed Jan. 27, 1958 W. A. SHANLEY UNIVERSAL GRINDING APPARATUS FIGJO 11 2o? 2 25s S b @i 5 g 26 .i

I I I 12 5? ILL m ,"-f 2'? i E 21% 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 262 FIG." a a INVENTOR. Wa/ferAS/zan/ey ATTO/L/VE) United States Patent UNIVERSAL GRINDING APPARATUS Walter A. Shanley, 172 Marlborough St., Boston 16, Mass.

Filed Jan. 27, 1958, Ser. No. 711,296

Claims. (CI. 5135) This invention relates to improvements in universalgrinding apparatus and more particularly to such apparatus which readily may be mounted on any suitable depending shaft which may be the spindle of an available machine tool, for example. The apparatus of the invention includes a grinding wheel mounted on a slide which is movable along and around the axis of said depending shaft, and along and around an axis which is at right angles to said depending shaft, the said wheel being movable along its own axis when the latter is in any of numerous permitted positions thereof, and the said apparatus having feed means for increment feed of the wheel in either or both of two right-angularly related directions of which one may be along the axis of the wheel and the other along the said axis which is at right angles to said depending shaft.

It is among the objects of the invention to provide a grinding apparatus which is adaptable to accomplish any of numerous grinding operations both external and internal, and templet-controlled or not, as may be desired, the non-templet-controlled operations being attainable with the grinding wheel axis in any of numerous angular relationships around either or both of two right angularly related axes.

Another object of the invention is to provide a universal grinding apparatus which may be a self-contained portable unit mountable on an end portion of any available and suitable supporting shaft, or the like.

A further object of the invention is to provide a grinding apparatus having a frame mountable for movement along and around a first axis and selectively adjustable around a second axis at right angles to said first axis, the frame having a carriage movable thereon in directions transversely of said second axis, and said carriage having a grinding wheel slide movable thereon in directions transversely of the directions of movement of said carriage on said frame, whereby the axis of the grinding wheel on said slide may be disposed in any of numerous relationships to said first and second axes and may be moved in one direction by advance of the slide on said carriage and in a right angularly related direction by advance of said carriage on said frame.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a portable grinding apparatus mountable on any available and suitable machine tool shaft or spindle and having a grinding wheel movable along and around each of two right angularly related axes, with means for locking it against movement around one of said axes when the movements of the wheel are being controlled by a templet.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a grinding apparatus having a carriage movable along a frame and a wheel-carrying slide movable on the carriage in directions transversely of the directions of movement of the carriage on the frame, with means for increment advance of said carriage and slide respectively along said frame and on said carriage.

. It is, moreover, my purpose and object generally to improve the structure and general utility of grinding apparatus and devices, and more especially such devices of a generally portable and self-contained variety which may be mounted on any available and suitable supporting shaft or spindle for accomplishing any of numerous grinding operations effectively and etficiently.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a universal grinding apparatus embodying features of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary detail view with portions in cross-section approximately on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail view with portions in cross-section approximately on line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a plan view in cross-section approximately on line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an elevational view in cross-section approximately on line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary elevational view in cross-section on line 6-6 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary elevational View showing portions of the apparatus of Fig. 6 on a larger scale, and in cross-section on line 7-7 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 8 is a plan view, on the scale of Fig. 7, and in cross-section on line 88 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail view of the control means for the clutch of the feed screw of the wheel-carrying slide;

Fig. 10 is an elevational view in cross-section approximately on line 10-10 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary elevational view in crosssection on line 1111 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary plan view in cross-section on line 12-12 of Fig. 10; and

Fig. 13 is a view generally similar to Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, the invention is illustrated in the form of an attachment removably mounted on any available shaft or rod 10 which may be, for example, the spindle of a machine tool or the like. However, my improved apparatus may, if desired, be a complete grinding machine having a suitable supporting means embodied therein. A shaft is represented at 12 with a socket 14 therein for fitting on the end of shaft 10, it being shown pinned to shaft 10 by the generally flat tapering pin 16 thrust through registering slots in the two shafts 10, 12.

A relatively short stub-shaft 18 is adjustably clamped on shaft 12 and carries the operable mechanisms of the apparatus. The stub-shaft 18 has larger diameter than shaft 12 and has a hole 19 therethrough for slidable reception of shaft 12, and is cut away to provide opposite fiat surface portions at 18', 18".. Two generally rectangular clamping members 20, 22 are slidably and nonrotatably mounted on the stub-shaft, on opposite sides of shaft 12, and a nut 24 on the threaded end of the stubshaft may be tightened to securely clamp shaft 12 between the clamping members 20, 22, thereby to mount the stub-shaft 18 at any selected location on shaft 12. Preferably, the clamping member 20 is integral on a relatively large diameter disk 26, and the cutting away of portions of the stub-shaft to provide the flats at 18', 18" leaves substantial shoulders Where the flats end, against which shoulders the disk 26 is clamped when nut 24 is tightened.

A carrier frame is indicated generally at 30 and has integral thereon the projecting bearing portion 32 which is rotatably secured on the non-cut, full diameter end portion of the stub-shaft 18. The said full diameter end of the stub-shaft has an enlargement 62 rigid thereon, within bearing portion 32, with suitable anti-friction means 64 intervening between the said enlargement and the said bearing portion. Also, the enlargement has a dished surface portion at 66 for coaction with a manual locking clamp means 68 by which the bearing portion end wall 92.

32 and frame 30 may be locked against rotation on the stub-shaft 18. Additionally, a peripheral portion of the enlargement 62 may have an annular series of holes 63 therein for coactionwith a spring-backed indexing pin 70'on bearing portion 32. When clamping means 68 is loosened, the pin 70 may be manually engaged in any selected hole '63 to hold the bearing portion and frame 30 in adjusted angular positions around the axis of stubshaft 18. If desired, rotation of bearing portion 32 may be manually effected by a manually rotatable worm 72 on disk 26 in mesh with a worm gear 74 on the bearing portion 32. Both the clamp means 68 and indexing pin 70 will be disengaged during rotation of the bearing portion by worm 72. Or the indexing pin 70 may be dispensed with when worm 72 is provided.

Carrier frame 30 comprises a body having substantial extent at opposite sides of the axis of stub-shaft 18 with longitudinal grooves 76 therein whereby the said body constitutes a guiding support along which a carriage 78 may be moved. Carriage 78,in turn, has ways 80 thereon along which the transverse slide 82 may be moved. Slide 82 has bearing means 84 rigid thereon in which grinding wheel shaft 86 is journaled, the grinding wheel being indicated at 88.

One end of carrier frame 30 has an end wall 90 thereon, and the opposite end has an end wall 92 thereon, each of the end walls extending to opposite sides beyond the connecting portions of the frame. A right and left double threaded feed screw 94 extends between the extending portions 91 and 93 of the end walls, with its opposite end portions journaled in the said extending portions, and a pair of rigidly interconnected shiftable half-nut elements 96, 98 (Figs. 4 and 8) are carried by a depending wall 79 of carriage 78 and are disposed on opposite sides of feed screw 94. The half-nut elements 96, 98 are formed with slidable bodies for sliding movement in aligned recesses 79' in the depending wall 79. The rigid interconnection of the half-nuts is indicated at 97 which has a projecting lug 99 thereon by means of which the half-nuts may be moved to substantially simultaneously disengage either half-nut from the feed screw and to engage the other half-nut with the screw. One half-nut is formed for operatively engaging the righthand threads of the screw, and the other half-nut is formed for operatively engaging the left-hand threads of the screw. Hence, when one half-nut is engaged, rotation of the screw in one direction effects travel of carriage 78 in one direction along the screw and when the other half-nut is engaged, the carriage 78 travels in the opposite direction along the screw, assuming that the feed control means, later described herein, is set for feed of carriage 78.

The feed screw 94 may be intermittently rotated a predetermined increment in response to actuations of a pawl 100 in coacting relation with a ratchet wheel 102 fixed on an end of feed screw 94, as best seen in Figs. 1 and 2.

A non-threaded portion of the screw extends beyond the extending portion 93 of end wall 92 and through a plate member 104 which is secured in spaced parallelism with The ratchet wheel 102 is on the end of screw 94, outward of plate member 104. Pawl 100 is carried on the arm 107 of an actuating link 106 which is slotted at 108 for accommodating the end of the screw shaft, and a finger knob 110 is fixed on the extreme end of the screw shaft maintaining the link in sliding engagement with the screw shaft. The opposite end of link 106 is pivotally and adjustably connected to a crank arm 112 fixed on the outer end of a stub shaft 114 WhiCh'iS journaled in plate member 104 and extension 93' of end wall 92, whereby continuous rotation of stub-shaft 114 in one direction effects intermittent increment advances of feed screw 94 through the medium of pawl 100 which is constantly biased into engagement with ratchet wheel 102.

. A driven shaft 116 extends between end walls 90, 92 .on

frame 30, with its opposite ends journaled in said walls. The end of shaft 116 which is uppermost in Fig. 1 is connected through reduction gearing, indicated generally at 118, to a power transmission shaft 120 which is suitably journaled in a plate member 122 secured on frame in spaced parallelism with end wall 90, with the gearing 118 located between the end wall and plate member 122. Transmission shaft 120 may have a flexible shaft 124 connected to it and leading from any suitable source of power which may be, for example, an electric motor, or the like (not shown), suitably supported adjacent to frame 30 or, if desired, the source of power may be mounted on frame 30.

Transmission shaft 120 has a pulley 126 fixed thereon for driving grinding wheel shaft 86 through the medium of a belt 128 engaged around the pulley 126 and around an elongate pulley 130 as carriage 78 moves along feed screw 94. A spring-biased belt-tensioning and take-up pulley 132 constantly engages belt 128 and maintains its driving tension as cross-slide 82 moves in either direction along the ways 80 of carriage 78.

Driven shaft 116 has a gear 134 fixed on its end which is lowermost in Fig. 1, and gear 134 normally is in mesh with a gear 136 on stub shaft 114, for driving the latter and accomplishing the earlier described intermittent increment advances of feed screw 94. Gear 136 is slidably keyed to stub-shaft 114, and is manually movable along the stub-shaft, by outward pull on member 138, to disengage it from gear 134 when it may be desired to stop the feed of carriage 78.

The driven shaft 116 extends beyond gear 134 and has a crank arm 140 fixed thereon. A generally similar crank arm 142 is fixed on the lower end of one of a pair of carriage-reversing shafts 146, 148 which extend from end to end of frame 30 with their ends journaled in end walls 90, 92. The crank arms are connected by a link 144. As represented shaft 146 is directly rocked and it has a gear segment 150 fixed on a lower end portion, in mesh with a similar gear segment 152 fixed on shaft 148. Hence, assuming that gear 136 is in mesh with gear 134, the driven shaft 116 effects intermittent rocking movements of shafts 146, 148 in opposite directions.

Reversing shaft 146 is a splined shaft having a reversing dog 154 non-rotatably adjustable therealong, and reversing shaft 148 is similarly splined and has a reversing dog 156 non-rotatably adjustable therealong. The dogs may be shaped as best seen in Figs. 4 and 8, and each is continually rocked back and forth in positions to kick the projection 99 of the half-nut unit whenever the said projection 99 comes into the path of rocking motion of either dog 154 or 156, located at predetermined opposite limits of travel of carriage 78 along feed screw 94. Hence, in Fig. 8, it may be assumed that dog 156, which is uppermost in Fig. 1, has kicked projection 99 to the right to disengage half-nut 96 and to engage half-nut 98, thereby reversing the direction of travel of carriage 78 along screw 94. Spring-backed ball means 158 (Fig. 8), or the like, may be utilized to yieldingly hold one or the other half-nut in engagement with screw 94.

Inasmuch as carriage 78 may be, at any time, in a position in which gravity may be acting in direction tending to move the carriage in one direction along screw 94, means is provided to ensure against gravity drop of the carriage during that moment of reversal when both halfnuts 96 and 98 may be out of engagement with screw 94. For this purpose, a threaded shaft 160 extends from 7 end to end of frame 30, with its opposite ends journaled in the end walls 90, 92. Shaft 160 is not driven, but it can be rotated slightly to ensure meshing of its threads with complimentary fragments of threads on a pivoted carriage lock 162 as the lock is rocked into and out of engagement with threaded Shaft 160. A bracket 164 is fixed on carriage 78, extending from front to rear walls, thereof, as best seen in Figs. 4 and 5, and the lock 162 is pivotally mounted on bracket 164. The lock is con- 7 278 extending loosely through a hole in bracket 276 and threaded into the adjacent end portion of shaft 12.

A relatively long and rigid shelf 280 is secured at one end to templet holder 268 for directly supporting a templet 282 which may be secured on shelf 280 in any suitable manner.

A follower element 284 is shown mounted on the hearing means 84 for the grinding wheel shaft 86, the follower being in engagement with the represented sinuous edge of the templet as best seen in Figs. 1 and 4.

When grinding a profile, employing a templet 282, the grinding wheel shaft 86 should be in parallelism with the shafts 10, 12, as in Figs. 1 and 4, and the clamping nut 24 will be loosened so that the carrier frame 30, carriage 78 and slide 82 may swing as a unit about the common axis of the shafts 10, 12. The intermittent power drive of feed screw 94 will be disconnected by pulling out element 138 (Fig. 1) to disengage gear 136. However, an increment advance of carriage 78 may be effected at a predetermined limit of travel of slide 82 whose feed may be accomplished by the rotating cam 224 acting through lever 204 to effect intermittent pawl-induced advances of ratchet wheel 186 or 188, depending upon which is engaged with clutch member 194. Automatic reversals of the slide 82, if desired, may be accomplished by the dogs 232, 234, acting on clutch actuator 196, in which case the clutch 238 on feed screw 170 will be left engaged until it may be desired to stop the feed of slide 82 by manually disengaging clutch 238. On the other hand, if desired, the dogs 248, 238 may be positioned for engaging clutch actuator 246 to disengage clutch 238 at each limit of travel of slide '82.

The mentioned increment advance of carriage 78 at one limit of travel of slide 82 may be effected by the regular ratchet wheel 102 on feed screw 94 through the medium of the slide means 286 having detachable link connection at 287 to the regular pawl-carrying link 106, as best seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 13. When grinding wheel shaft 86 approaches its predetermined limit of travel to the right in Fig. 1, it engages a lug or dog 288 on slide means 286 thereby to move slide means 286 and pawlcarrying link 196 to the right for setting pawl 109 in position for advancing feed screw 94 in response to movement of link 106 to the left in Fig. 1. This movement of link 106 to the left is delayed until wheel shaft 86 approaches its other limit of travel, at which time it engages a lug or dog 290 on slide means 286 and moves the latter said means and link 106 to the left for accomplishing a pawl-induced advance of the screw 94.

The templet follower 284 may be biased into engagement with templet 282 by a weight or spring (not shown), if desired, but I prefer to employ a manually operable means for finger-touch maintenance of the follower in contact with the templet. A Worm wheel 292 is shown mounted on shaft 12, and a worm 294 is mounted on disk 26 at a location to mesh with worm wheel 292. A finger knob 296 on the worm shaft facilitates manual rtations of the worm for maintaining the follower in contact with the templet by sensory feel of the operator.

Also mounted on shaft 12, in Fig. 1, is a member 298 having an annular T-slot 380 therein, and having an annular scale 302 thereon for coaction with a pointer 304 on a bracket 306 secured to the carrier frame 30. A clamping screw 388 engages in slot 300 and a portion of bracket 386, for securing the carrier frame in any selected angular position around the axis of shafts 10, 12. When the carrier frame is to be swung about the axis of shaft 13, the bracket 306 will be removed, or disconnected from member 298, and worm 294 will be backed away from worm wheel 292.

It may be desirable in some cases, such as when grinding a surface in conformity with a templet 282, to provide intermittent advances of carriage 78 along screw 94 with the dogs 154, 1-56 reversing the direction of ad- Vance, and to have a relatively small increment advance of slide 82 at one, or at each limit of travel of carriage 78.

To accomplish this, with the disclosed apparatus, the roller 222 will be pulled outward from cam 224 and latched in its outer position by the coaction of retainer means 226, 228, which stops the cam-actuated automatic feed of slide 82. But the spring 220 can yield an additional amount to permit a further outward movement of the roller-carrying rod or shaft 216, for effecting an increment advance of the slide 82. Such a further outward movement of rod or shaft 216 may be accomplished in response to each reversal of carriage 78, or in response to each second reversal of carriage 78, as may be desired. For this purpose, the carriage-reversing member 96, 98 has notches 310, 312 therein (Fig. 8). A bracket 314 on carriage 78 supports a lever which is pivoted at 316 with one arm 318 reaching into notch 310 and with another arm 320 located at the opposite side of pivot 316. The two arms of the lever preferably are separate but adapted to be clamped together by tightening a finger screw at pivot 316, so that the arms will then function as a unitary lever. When the screw at 316 is loosened, the lever arms become free to move independently of each other.

The free end of lever arm 320 is adapted to actuate rod 216 outwardly in response to clockwise rotation of lever arm 320 (Fig. 8), the rod 216 having a projection 322 thereon extending slidably through a slot 324 in a wall of its supporting housing 218, as best seen in Fig. 5. Projection 322 has a laterally extending portion 323 (Fig. 8) in position to be engaged by lever arm 320. Hence, when desired, the normally loose lever arms 318, 320 may be tightened at 316 to provide a rigid lever whose arms may be relatively located for actuating rod 216 in response to a reversing movement of the carriage-reversing member 96, 98 to the left in Fig. 8. -A wall of the notch 310 engages lever arm 318 and rotates the lever clockwise in Fig. 8, with lever arm 320 engaging the extending portion 323 of rod projection 322. When reversing member 96, 98 next moves to the right, spring 220 in housing 218 restores the rod to its initial position.

On the opposite side of carriage 78, another bracket 326 pivotally supports two levers of which one is a relatively small one indicated generally at 328 with its pivot at 330. The other lever is pivoted at 332 with a short notched arm at 334 and a relatively long arm 336 which has a sharp bend therein to provide a portion extending generally toward the extending portion 323 of the rod projection 322. A sleeve 338 on lever arm 336 is adjustable thereon by means of finger screw 339 whereby the free end of the sleeve may be located in relatively close relation to extending portion 323. The small lever 328 has one arm engaged in notch 312 of reversing member 96, 98, and has its other arm in the notch of arm 334 of the larger lever. When carriage reversing member 96, 98 shifts to the right (Fig. 8), the resulting counter clockwise rotation of small lever 328 effects a clockwise movement of the larger lever. Assuming that sleeve 338 has been adjusted into actuating relation to extending portion 323, this clockwise movement of the larger lever will actuate rod 216 outward to effect a small increment advance of slide 82. Spring 220 restores rod 216 when reversing member 96, 98 again moves to the left. When sleeve 328 is adjusted away from extension portion 323, as in Fig. 8, the levers 328 and 334, 336 merely idle in response to shifts of reversing member 96, 98.

It will be apparent, from the foregoing description, in connection with the drawings, that my improved grinding apparatus is readily adaptable for performing any of numerous grinding operations, both internal and external. With the templet 282 in place, as illustrated, the grinding wheel 88 may be advanced in either direction along frame 30 and/or in either direction along the ways 80 of carriage 78, with the apparatus as a whole yielding about 5 stantly rocked about its pivot at 166 by a tooth or finger 168 whichis slidably but non-rotatably mounted on the rocking shaft 148, with a retaining portion 165 of 'bracket 164 engaging over the finger 168, whereby the latter moves along shaft 148 with the bracket, the lock 162, and carriage 78. Although lock 162 is continuously rocked when rock shaft 148 is rocking, its carriagelocking engagements with threaded shaft 160 are of such short duration that they do not interfere with any normal feed of carriage 78 between the reversing dogs 154, 156. However, its movements are so timed that it will be in carriage-locking engagement with threaded shaft 160 during each critical time of reversal when both half-nuts 96, 98 momentarily may be out of engagement with feed 'screw 94.

Transverse slide 82 is mounted for movement on the carriage ways 80 in response to rotation of feed screw 170 which is rotatably fixed on carriage 78. The slide has a usual nut 172 (Figs. 5 and 8) thereon in threaded engagement with screw 170, with a finger knob 174 on one end of the screw and a gear 176 fixed on its other' end, interiorly of the slide. Gear 176 is in mesh with an idlerfgear 178 mounted exteriorly of the left hand end wall 79 (Figs. 4 and 6) of carriage 78, the idler gear being in mesh with a relatively large'gear 188 which is fixed on a stub shaft 182 whose opposite ends are journaled respectively, in said end wall of the carriage and in a bracket 184 extending outwardly from said end wall. Two ratchet wheels 186, 188 are loose on stub shaft 182, with their ratchet teeth disposed in opposite directions. One element 190 of a clutch is rigid with ratchet wheel 186, and a similar but reversed element 192 of a clutch is rigid with ratchet wheel 188. A shiftable clutch member 194 is slidably but non-rotatably mounted on stub shaft 182, between the ratchet wheels, and is manually shiftable by actuator 196 to effect drive connection between either ratchet wheel and the stub shaft, or the clutch member 194 may be in its neutral disengaged position, as shown. A pawl-carrying unit is indicated generally at 198 (Figs. 4 and 6) slidably supported on the adjacent end wall 79 of carriage 78. Unit 198 carries one pawl 200 which is engaged with ratchet wheel 186 at the upper side thereof and carries another pawl 202 which is engaged with ratchet wheel 188 at the under side thereof. Hence, assuming clutch engage- 'ment of ratchet wheel 186, a movement of unit 198 to the left, as viewed in Fig. 6, will advance ratchet wheel 186 counterclockwise, in Fig. 6, thereby to rotate stubshaft 182 and gear 180 in the same direction which, through gears 178, 176, effects an increment counterclockwise rotation of feed screw 170 (Fig. 6), and a resulting increment movement of transverse slide 82. -Meanwhile, ratchet wheel 188 will have been advanced clockwise by its pawl 202 (Fig. 6) but it will be an idling advance on the stub-shaft.

Similarly, when clutch 194 is in engagement with ratchet wheel 188, a movement of unit 198 to the left (Fig. .6) will advance ratchet wheel 188 clockwise (Fig- 6), thereby to rotate stub-shaft 182 and gear 180 clockwise which, through gears 178, 176, effects an increment clockwise rotation of feed screw 170, and a resulting infcrement'movement of transverse'slide 82. Meanwhile, ratchet wheel 186 will be disconnected from stub-shaft 1-82.

'1 Movements 'ofthe pawl-carrying unit 198 may be effected by a relatively long lever 204 which is pivotally mounted on the forward wall of carriage 78, within slide 82,by means of'an adjustable bracket 206 which pivotally supports the lever'intermediate of its ends. One end of the lever has pin-in-slot connection at 208 to one end of a link 210 whose other end is pivotally connected at 212 to pawl-carrying unit 198. The other end of leyer 204 has pin-in-slot connection at 214 to the forward end of an actuating rod 216 which extends inward through aniopening'in the adjacent wall of carriage 78, with suitable means at 218'for slidably'supporting the rod, and with a spring 220 constantly biasing the rod inwardly. The inner end of rod 216 carries a roller 222 which, normally, is in engagement with a cam 224 which is slidably but non-rotatively mounted on driven shaft 116. Carriage bracket 164 has a portion 165' extending over and under cam 224 so that the cam moves along shaft 116 with the bracket and carriage 78. Hence, the constantly rotating cam 224 acts on rod 216 for actuating lever 204 and reciprocating pawl-carrying unit 198. If desired, a manually operable retainer means 226 (Fig. 4) may be mounted on the carriage 78, adjacent the outor end portion of rod 216, for engaging a projecting part 228 on rod 216 when it may be desired to maintain the rod roller 222 out of contact with cam 224. Ordinarily, however, the feed of slide 82 may be stopped merely by shifting the previously described clutch actuator 196 to its neutral position, to disconnect both ratchet wheels 186, 188 from stub-saft 182. The additional means 226, 228 accomplishes the same purpose by stopping reciprocation of the pawl-carrying means 198.

As best seen in Figs. 4 and 8, the rear portion of transverse slide 82 has a relatively long slot 230 therein through which clutch actuator 196 extends, and adjustable dogs 232, 234 on slide 82 may be positioned to engage actuator 196 at predetermined limits of travel of the slide, for effecting reversing actuations of clutch member 194.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 8 and 9, the gear 176 on feed screw preferably is loose thereon and equipped with one element 236 of a clutch whose other element 238 is slidably keyed to a projecting cylindrical portion of screw 170. The adjacent forward portion of slide 82 has a relatively long slot 240 therein, and a bracket 242 on carriage 78 extends out through the slot and pivotally supports, at 244, the clutch actuator 246 by means of which the clutch element 238 may be moved into and out of engagement with clutch element 236. This clutch may be manually engaged for increment advance of the screw and slide in response to the previously described advances of ratchet wheel 186 or 188 by pawl 200 or 292, assuming that the ratchet wheel clutch member 194 llS engaged with one of the ratchet wheels. Adjustable dogs'248, 250 on slide 82 may be selectively positioned for disengaging clutch element 238 at each predetermined limit of travel of the slide. Dog 248 is positioned to engage the actuator 246 at one side of its pivot 244, and dog 250 is positioned to engage the actuator at the other side of its said pivot.

My improved apparatus is shown equipped for contour grinding although it should be understood that the contour grinding features of the invention, now to be described, may be used, or not, in connection with the basic apparatus already described.

'1 W0 similar brackets 252, 254 may be secured on shaft 12, as by screws 256 (Fig. 4), at opposite sides of shaft 18 to which the shaft 12 is clamped. Disk 26 is slotted at 258, 260 (Fig. 10) for passage therethrough of supporting rods 262, 264. Rod 262 has one end adjustably secured at 263 to bracket 252 (Fig. 4) and rod 264 has one end adjustably secured at 265 to bracket 254 (Fig. 1). The other ends of the two rods support a frame 266 in which a templet holder 268 is movably mounted (Figs. l0-l2). In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 266 has ways 267 thereon, and templet holder 268 slidably engages the ways and has a projecting element 270 enter.- ing between a pair of ears 272, 274 on the carriage 78, whereby the templet holder moves in unison with carriage 78, in directions along the feed screw 94 but the templet holder 268 is adapted for limited rotational movements relative to carriage 78 about the axis of the shafts 10, 12 when the clamping nut 24 is suitably loosened. The shaft ('Fig. 1) which maybe secured to disk 26, with a screw a 9 the axis of shafts 10, 12 as follower 284 rides along the templet. Gear 136 will be pulled out of mesh with gear 134 to disconnectrthe automatic increment feed of the carriage 78, so that the carriage 78 will be advanced only at one limit of travel of slide 82, by the means 286290, which will be connected at 287 to ratchet bar 106.

When it is desired to grind withouta templet, the connection at 287 may be broken, and the templet-carrying elements, as bestrseen in Figs. 10, 11, may be removed, including the supporting rods 262, 264. The rod-supporting brackets 252, 254 may be removed or not removed. This conditions the apparatus for selective universal adjustments about the axis of shafts 10, 12, and about the axis of shaft 18. By moving gear 136 into mesh with gear 134, each rotation of shaft 116 will effect an increment advance of carriage 78 along screw 94, through the medium of pawl 100 in coaction with ratchet wheel 102. The adjustable dogs 154, 156 on shafts 146 and 148, respectively, .accomplish reversals of the direction of advance of the carriage. Obviously, the carriage advance may be stopped by pulling out on member 138 to move gear 136 out of mesh with gear 134. a When desired, slide 82 may be advanced on carriage 78in response to each rotation of cam 224 on shaft 116, through the medium of the pawl-carrying frame 198 whichmay be actuated to advance the slide 82 in response to each cam-induced outward thrust of rod 216. The direction of slide advance depends upon whether clutch 194 is in driving engagement with gear 186 or gear 188. Slide advance may be stopped by moving clutch 194 to its neutral position. Automatic reversal of the direction of slide advance may be accomplished by the adjustable dogs 232, 234 (Fig. 8) on slide 82, coacting with the shifting arm of clutch 194.

Also, an increment advance of slide 82 may be accomplished at either or both of the limits of travel of carriage 78, by properly conditioning the leverage means 318,320 and/or 328, 336 (Fig. 8) for responding to each shift, or every other shift, of the carriage reversing mem- -ber 96, 98. 7

Various changes in the specific mechanisms illustrated may be made within the scope of the appended claims, and it is intended that the patent shall cover, by suitable expression in the appended claims, whatever features of patentablenovelty exist in the invention disclosed.

I claim as .my invention:

1. A grinding "apparatus comprising first and second right-angulai'l'y related shafts of which the first shaft has "means thereonfor securing it to a'support and the second shaft has means thereon for mounting it on said first shaft with the axes of the two shafts intersecting each other, the latter said means including a clamp manually operable to free said second shaft for movement about the axis of said first shaft and manually operable to secure said second shaft in any radial position around said axis of the first shaft, a frame rotatably mounted on said second shaft, and disposed in crossing relation to the axis of said second shaft, means for selectively securing said frame in any radial position of rotation thereof around said axis of the second shaft, a driven grinding wheel mounted on said frame, and a powered mechanism for effecting increment advances of said wheel on said frame in right angularly related directions.

2. A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein a driven shaft is mounted in said frame, and a cam means is non-rotatably mounted on said driven shaft for sliding movements along the shaft, an actuator rod operatively associated with said cam and movable therewith along said driven shaft, said powered mechanism responsive to each cam-induced actuation of said actuator rod for effecting an increment advance of said wheel in a direction generally at right angles to the axis of said driven shaft.

3. A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said grinding wheel is mounted on a carriage which is movably mounted on said frame, a driven shaft mounted in said frame, a screw rotatable in said frame and having crossing right hand and left hand threads, means on said carriage shiftable in one direction to operatively engage the right hand threads of said screw and shiftable in theopposite direction to operatively engage the left hand threads of said screw, said powered mechanism operatively connected to said driven shaft for effecting an increment rotation of said screw in response to each rotation of said driven shaft thereby to efiect an increment advance of said carriage along the screw in direction depending upon whether said shiftable means is operatively engaged with the right hand threads or the left hand threads of said screw.

4; A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said grinding wheel is mounted on a carriage which is movably mounted on said frame, a driven shaft mounted in said frame, a screw rotatable in said frame and having crossing right hand and left hand threads, means on said carriage shiftable in one direction to operatively engage the right hand threads of said screw and shiftable in the opposite direction tooperatively engage the left hand threads of said screw, said powered mechanism operatively connected to said driven shaft for effecting an increment rotation of said screw in response to each rotation of said driven shaft thereby to eifect an increment advance of said carriage along the screw in direction depending upon whether said shiftable means is operatively engaged with the right hand threads or the left hand threads of said screw, a pair of rock shafts rotatably mounted in said frame, each having a reversing dog adjustably secured thereon, inter-meshing gear means on the rock shafts whereby a rocking movement of one rock shaft in one direction'eifects a rocking movement of the other rock shaft in the opposite direction, and means operatively connecting said one rock shaft to said driven shaft for effecting a rocking movement of said one rock shaft in response .to each rotation of said driven shaft, said reversing dogs being arranged and adapted to rock with said rock shafts at predetermined opposite limits of travel of said carriage, one dog to engage and shift said shiftable means in one direction when said carriage is at one limit of its travel, and the other dog .to engage and shift said shiftable means in the opposite direction when said carriage is at the other limit of its travel. 1

- "5. A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein :said fgrindingwheelis mounted on a carriage which is movably mounted on said frame, a driven shaft mounted in said frame, a screw rotatable in said frame and having crossing right hand and left hand threads, means on said carriage shiftable in one direction to operatively engage the right hand threads of said screw and shiftable in the opposite direction to operatively engage the left hand threads of said screw, said powered mechanism operatively connected to said driven shaft for effecting an increment rotation of said screw in response to each rotation of said driven shaft thereby to effect an increment advance of said carriage along the screw in direction depending upon whether said shiftable means is operatively engaged with the right hand threads or the left hand threads of said screw, interacting means on said frame and said carriage operative to lock said frame and carriage against relative movement each time that said shiftable means is shifted thereby to maintain the carriage against slip on said frame during that moment in the shifting process when said shiftable means may be out of engagement with threads of said screw.

6. A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein a carriage is mounted on said frame for movements in opposite directions, and a slide carrying said wheel is mounted on said carriage for movements in opposite directions transversely of the directions of movement of the carriage, a screw rotatably mounted in said frame and having crossing right hand and lefthandthreads, a half-nut member'on said carriage and shiftable in one direction to operatively engage said right 'hand screw threads and shiftable in the opposite direction tooperatively engage said left hand screw threads, an actuator on said carriage, means on said carriage responsive to a shifting movement of said half-nut member for effecting an actuation of said actuator, said powered mechanism effecting an increment advance of said slide on said carriage in response to'a said actuation of said actuator.

7. A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein a carriage is mounted on said frame'for movements in opposite directions, and a slide carrying said wheel is mounted on said carriage for movements in opposite directions transversely of the directions of movement of the carriage, a screw rotatably mounted in said frame and having crossing right hand and left hand threads, a half-nut member on said carriage and shiftable in one direction to operatively engage said right hand screw threads and 'shiftable in the opposite direction to operatively engage said left hand screw threads, an actuator on said carriage, means on said carriage responsiveto a shifting movement of said half-nut memher for effecting an actuation of said actuator, said powered mechanism effecting an increment advance of said slide on said carriage in response to a said actuation of said actuator, a ratchet and pawl mechanism at one end of said screw, and means responsive to movement ofsaid slide for actuating said ratchet and pawl mechanism at one limit of travel of said slide. thereby to effect an increment rotation of said screw and a resulting increment advance of said carriage.

8. A grinding apparatus comprising first and second right-angularly related shafts of which the first shaft has means thereon for securing it to a support and the second shaft has means thereon for mounting it on said first shaft with the axis of the two shafts intersecting each other, the latter said means including a clamp manually operable to free said second shaft for movement about the axis of said first shaft, a frame rotatably mounted on said second shaft and disposed in crossing relation to the axis of said second shaft, a carriage movably mounted on said frame, a driven grinding wheel mounted on said carriage, templet-supporting means detachably mounted on' said first shaft and having a 'templet table movable in unison with said carriage in directions parallel with the axis of said first shaft, said carriage being movable relative to said table about the axis of said first shaft, and-means associated with said wheelfor riding on a templet secured on said table with said carriage moving relative to the table about said axis of the first shaft when said wheel moves'in direction generally along saidtemplet. a a;

9. A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 8; wherein a slide is mounted on said carriagefor movements transversely of the directions of movement of the carriage, said grinding wheel being on saidslide, a screw rotatably mounted in said frame for moving said carriage in direction along the screw, mechanism operativelyconnected to one end of said screw for effecting an increment rotational advance of said screw in response to movement of said slide at one predetermined limit of travel'of the slide on' said carriage, a driven shaft mounted in said frame, mechanism associated with said slide and operable to effect increment'advances of said slide on said carriage, an actuator connected to" the latterfsaid mechanism, and means on said driven shaft for actuating said actuator in response to each rotation ofsaid shaft thereby to effect intermittent increment advances of said slide on said carriage. r a a 10. A grinding apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein a slide is mounted on said carriage for movements transversely of the directions of movement of the carriage, said grinding wheel being on said slide, a screw rotatably mounted in said frame for moving said carriage in direction along the screw, ratchet and pawl mech anism operatively associated with one end .of-said screw for effecting increment rotational advances of the screw, a feed screw for said slide rotatably mounted on said carriage, ratchet and pawl mechanismoperatively connected' with saidfeed screw-for effecting increment rotational advances of the feed screw and resulting increment advances of said slide on said carriage, a driven shaft in said frame, and mechanism responsive to each rotation of said shaft for effecting intermittent operations of the latter said ratchet and pawl mechanism and resulting intermittent advances of said slide onrsaid carriage, and means responsive to movement of said slide at one limit of its travel for effecting an operation of the first mentioned ratchetand pawl mechanism, thereby to effect an increment advance of the first mentioned screw and of said carriage.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Richards May 16, 1944 

